北京大学校园网 - 网路之家

【作者】高琛
【学号】19981023
【毕业学校】北京大学
【答辩时间】2002.06
【培养单位】环境科学中心
【学位名称】理学硕士
【中文题名】特殊有毒化学品及其销毁过程的环境风险评价方法研究
【外文题名】Special poisonous chemicals and the study on method of ERA in their destroying process
【专业】环境规划与管理
【导师】栾胜基
【导师单位】北京大学环境科学中心
【关键词/主题词】特殊有毒化学品;环境风险评价;风险识别;风险度量;化学毒剂
【中文摘要】 被淘汰的有毒化学品在销毁时可能给人体健康和生态环境带来的威胁和损害是我国目前亟待解决的具有严重潜在危险的环境问题。环境风险评价 (Environmental Risk Assessment, ERA)在我国尚处于起步阶段，研究ERA方法在有毒化学品销毁过程中的应用填补了国内在该领域内的空白。
本文通过分析大量的有关有毒有害化学品的国际国内资料，筛选出了我国48种特殊有毒化学品，对其中几种具有代表性的有毒化学品进行了建立档案的举例说明，并将这48种特殊有毒化学品进行了分类。
本文初步探讨了特殊有毒化学品按不同销毁过程进行的分类环境风险评价方法，设法将生态风险评价和人体健康风险评价有机地结合在一起，并提出相应的风险管理措施。另外，本文还以日军遗弃在我国领土内化学毒剂的销毁过程为例，进行了风险识别和风险度量方法的研究。

【外文摘要】 The process of removing rejected poisonous chemicals is likely to threaten human health and environment. Currently, the consequent problems the process brings are potentially dangerous to China. The study on Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) just starts in China, therefore, to use ERA in the process of destroying poisonous chemicals is really important in the field.
Through analyzing abundant Data, the thesis selects and classifieds 48 species of special poisonous chemicals. The thesis also establishes archives for some of specials that have particular impact on human health. The author discusses the method of classified environment risk assessment, which is based on the different processes of destruction.
The thesis is trying to integrate the two methods ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment, and to bring forward relevant risk management steps. Further more, the author studies the method of risk identification and risk measurement by analyzing the process of destroying chemical warfare agent.