北京大學校園 - 網路之家

【作者】高琛
【學號】19981023
【畢業學校】北京大學
【答辯時間】2002.06
【培養單位】環境科學中心
【學位名稱】理學碩士
【中文題名】特殊有毒化學品及其銷毀過程的環境風險評價方法研究
【外文題名】Special poisonous chemicals and the study on method of ERA in their destroying process
【專業】環境規劃與管理
【導師】欒勝基
【導師單位】北京大學環境科學中心
【關鍵詞/主題詞】特殊有毒化學品;環境風險評價;風險識別;風險度量;化學毒劑
【中文摘要】 被淘汰的有毒化學品在銷毀時可能給人體健康和生態環境帶來的威脅和損害是我國目前亟待解決的具有嚴重潛在危險的環境問題。環境風險評價 (Environmental Risk Assessment, ERA)在我國尚處於起步階段，研究ERA方法在有毒化學品銷毀過程中的應用填補了國內在該領域內的空白。
本文通過分析大量的有關有毒有害化學品的國際國內資料，篩選出了我國48種特殊有毒化學品，對其中幾種具有代表性的有毒化學品進行了建立檔案的舉例說明，並將這48種特殊有毒化學品進行了分類。
本文初步探討了特殊有毒化學品按不同銷毀過程進行的分類環境風險評價方法，設法將生態風險評價和人體健康風險評價有機地結合在一起，並提出相應的風險管理措施。另外，本文還以日軍遺棄在我國領土內化學毒劑的銷毀過程為例，進行了風險識別和風險度量方法的研究。

【外文摘要】 The process of removing rejected poisonous chemicals is likely to threaten human health and environment. Currently, the consequent problems the process brings are potentially dangerous to China. The study on Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) just starts in China, therefore, to use ERA in the process of destroying poisonous chemicals is really important in the field.
Through analyzing abundant Data, the thesis selects and classifieds 48 species of special poisonous chemicals. The thesis also establishes archives for some of specials that have particular impact on human health. The author discusses the method of classified environment risk assessment, which is based on the different processes of destruction.
The thesis is trying to integrate the two methods ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment, and to bring forward relevant risk management steps. Further more, the author studies the method of risk identification and risk measurement by analyzing the process of destroying chemical warfare agent.