銆瑕佸浣曠煡閬撻潰璇疊呮槸涓嶆槸鎴戜滑鎵闇瑕佺殑濱烘墠鍛紵涓轟簡鍏ㄦ柟浣嶄簡瑙d竴涓漢錛屾鏃朵究鍙互鍊熼噸蹇冪悊嫻嬮獙鐨劇緟浣愩傚績鎒奚祴楠出殑鐩殑鏄芐鏈涗互縐賊鐨勤柟娉疊瘎閱仁漢鐨劇涓哄強鐗硅川錛岸瑙傚湴鎵懼嚭濱轟芽濱轟莿闀寸殑宸紓錛岸寲綣佷負綆鍔犱互鏉$悊鍖栥?
銆銆
銆銆 涓銆?蹇冪悊嫻嬮獙綆浠?br>
銆銆蹇冪悊嫻嬮獙鍒嗕負涓綾伙紝涓縐嶆槸璁煡鎬殑錛岸擭涓縐嶆槸闈閃鋨守鎯呯華鎬殑銆傝鋨殑鍖呮嫭鏅哄姏銆佹悜銆佹垚灝便佽璦銆佽鍔ㄥ崗璋冪瓅鍑豺綾伙紱闈閃鋨殑鍖呮嫭濱烘牸銆佸叴瓚c佸姩鏈恆佹佸害鍜屼環鍊艱銆?
銆銆錛堜竴錛倨櫤鍔淚祴楠?
銆銆灝辨櫤鍔淚祴楠屾撒璇達紝瀛「呴擴瀵規櫤鍔涘箍娉涘湴瀹氫菎涓轟竴縐嶆濊富拰瑙e昱闀鐨勤諱綋鑳藉姏錛岸苟灝嗕莿鐣岸畾涓轟芽璇枃鑳藉姏銆佺悊瑙h始鍔蒞佽蹇嗚始鍔蒞佹娊璞℃濊太始鍔蒞佸垽鏂始鍔兌瓅鏈綏剮鐨劇始鍔蒞?
銆銆錛堜簩錛倨悜嫻嬮獙
銆銆鎬悜嫻嬮獙涔熸槸璁煡鎬殑錛屼芽鏅哄姏嫻嬮獙鎵鐫淵箖鍚屼竴鐗硅川鑼富洿(domain)錛屼絾涓嶅俔鐨勤槸鎬悜嫻嬮獙鎵嫻嬭呬富瑕佹槸涓涓漢鍦ㄥ涔豹椿鍔ㄥ拰鑱屼箍璁粌涓婄殑鐗規畩鎬綔鍦ㄨ始鍔涳紝鍙敤鏉嫻嬪彈嫻嬭喋渜榪欐柟闈二垚灝辯殑鍙始鎬傚寘鎷滿姊版悜嫻嬮獙銆佹枃涔︽悜嫻嬮獙銆佺編鏈悜嫻嬮獙銆侀煶涔愭悜嫻嬮獙銆佸場閫犺始鍔淚祴楠出瓅銆?
銆銆鍥藉唴甯鎬嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏈夎緟瀵兼悜嫻嬮獙錛岄潚騫存悜嫻嬮獙錛出憺鏂呸曤鍥懼艦鎺ㄧ悊嫻嬮獙絳多紝閫傜敤鐨勫勾榫勫眣綰「帿浠庡浗涓嚦澶濱屻佷笁騫寸駭宸﹀彸錛屾祴楠岸鑷村綊涓烘暟鎒嗚始鍔蒞佽鏂囪始鍔蒞佺煡瑙變芽鎵嬪閥涓夐儴鍒嗐?br>
銆銆鍦ㄦ暟鎒嗚始鍔淚柟闈一寘鎷滿姊般佺└闀淬佹暟瀛楄始鍔涗笁閮ㄥ垎銆傝鏂囪始鍔淚柟闈一張鍒奚垚璇枃鎺ㄧ悊銆佽鏂淵範鎯袱縐嶄傛渶鍚庡渜鋨涓庢墜宸儴鍒嗭紝鍒鬱互鋨閫熷害涓庡噯紜害銆佹墜閮ㄩ熷害鍜出伒宸害鍑豹柟闈二撒璇勯壤銆?
銆銆錛堜笁錛倨垚灝辨祴楠?
銆銆鐢ㄦ撒璇勯噺涓涓漢瀛︿範鍜屻緇寫塈寰屋殑鋨瘑涓庢妧鑳斤紝鍙敤鍦ㄦ暀鑲蹭芄浠強鏀垮簻銆佸伐鉎嗙卓浣滀負璇勯壤濱哄憳瀛「瘑鈮鑳戒莿鐢紝濡傞珮鏅富氨鏄睘濱庢垚灝辨祴楠屻寖鐣淬傚浗鍐喋鑰呬互鍙插潶紱忏涓氡妧鑳芥祴楠?Stanford TASK)涓虹粨鏋徹紝鍐喋鍏ㄩ儴鏀瑰彉浠傚簲鎴賊浗涔嬮渶瑕觥紝鍙賊睍鍑?#60;緋誨垪瀛︿箍鈮鑳芥祴楠?#62;錛屻嚜鍥藉曤濱斿勾綰嚦鍥戒腑涓騫寸駭銆佸浗涓簩騫寸駭鑷抽珮涓竴騫寸駭銆侀珮涓簩騫寸駭鑷沖瀛︿竴騫寸駭錛岸叡鍒嗕笁涓樁孌碉紝 縐頒綔緋誨垪瀛︿箍鈮鑳芥祴楠屻?浠彶鍧︾瀛︿箍鈮鑳芥祴楠出殑緇撴瀯鍐喋鑰屻▓錛岸垎涓轟竷澶儴鍒嗐傚寘鎷槄瀛楁眹 銆侀槄璇葷悊瑙c佹暟瀛︽嫾瀛椼佽嫳鏂囥佺浼氧瀛︺佽嚜鐒剁瀛︿竷綾匯?br>
銆銆錛堝涑錛變漢鏍兼祴楠?
銆銆鍚勤淳蹇冪悊瀛「呮寔鏈變笉鍚出殑鎒嗚錛岸渜嫻嬮獙瀛︿芄鏈夌殑瀛「呬富寮犱嬌鐢ㄦ姇灝勤妧鏈?projective techniques)錛屾湁鐨劇涓哄簲浣跨敤鑷檲寮仁漢鏍奸棶鍗?self-report inventories)錛屾洿鏈變塞鐮旂┐鑰呬富寮犱嬌鐢ㄨ涓鴻瘎瀹氶噺琛?behavior rating scales)鍙婃粲澧寫祴楠岸姞浠 閱忋?
銆銆鍥藉唴甯哥敤鐨勫寘鎷熀姘仁漢鏍箋佽裨姘仁漢鏍箋佹煰姘忔牸閱忚〃銆佸崱姘忏嶮鍏濱烘牸鍥犵礌嫻嬮獙銆佸涓撲漢鏍兼祴楠屻佷釜濱哄彇鍚戰噺琛ㄧ瓅銆傛澶栵紝閽堝鏄惁鏈夎涓哄洶鎵版守鍋忏樊鑰呰瘖鏂莿嫻嬮獙鏈夐潚騫磋皸鉎嗛噺琛ㄣ佸涓攪涓哄洶鎵拌皟鏌〃銆佸涔犱芽璇諱\功絳栫暐閱忚〃絳齋?鐢變簬鍚勯噺琛ㄦ塈嫻嬬壒璐ㄥ澶氾紝鏃豹磣涓涓鍒箋婦錛岸洛姝◢鍔豹氣鎒嗙矖鐣湴鍒嗕負濱斿綾伙細鑷垛銆佺ǔ瀹氡佸鍚戛佽鋨佷芽浠栦漢鐨蹺簰鍔ㄤ簲鏂歸潰銆?
銆銆鍦ㄧ涓綾昏嚜鎴戛柟闈紝鍖呮嫭鑷垛銆佽嚜鍗戙佷俊蹇寇佽嚜涓匯佹垚灝辯瓅鐗硅川錛?
銆銆絎簩綾葷ǔ瀹氡壒璐ㄦ柟闈紝鍖呮嫭嫻嬮噺紼沖畾銆佸彉寮傘佸番鍏ㄣ佽愬績銆佺搴忋佺緇忚川銆佷笉瀹齋佹鼎戙佹晱鎰熹瓅鍚賊害銆?
銆銆絎笁綾繪槸澶枻悜鎬細澶枻悜鐗硅川銆佽〃鐜般佸啿鍔ㄣ佹父鎴忏拰鎰熷畼濱彈絳夌壒璐紱
銆銆絎涑綾諱負瑙夌煡錛屾湁濂藉銆佷笘鎖呫佽低鎱佽鋨佽檻釤喋強鎬帇鈮戙傛渶鍚峬紝
銆銆絎簲綾諱負涓庝曲濱虹殑濱掑姩錛氫漢闄呮晱鎰焜佷翰鍜屻佺緹佹繕鍑匯佹歃閰嶄佹眣鍔╪佸強涓漢鎰熻涔嬭〃杈劇瓅絳齋?
銆銆鍥豹襻緷姝簲綾誨垝鍒嗭紝涓鍙楁祴鑰呰繖鍑犱釜閱忚〃嫻嬪嚭鐨動粨鏋滃螭鑳戒負鑷富銆佺ǔ瀹氥佸鐜╪佷芽浠栦漢鑹濱掑姩銆?br>
銆銆錛堜簲錛綏叴瓚c佹佸害銆佷環鍊奸噺琛?
銆銆鍏磋叮閱忚〃鏈綏彶姘忚飛涓氬叴瓚i噺琛紝鎬佸害閱忚〃鏈?Likert 寮忔佸害嫻嬮噺娉曚互鍙婂浗鍐呯殑綰枃紲曤鍑虹增 <淇鍖呬綍濱岸紡瀛︿範涔豹儻涓庢佸害闀嵎> 絳多紝浠峰奸噺琛ㄥ垯鏈塂. E. Super 1970騫寸紕鍒剁殑<宸綔浠峰奸噺琛?#62;銆?
銆銆鍥藉唴甯哥敤鐨勫叴瓚i噺琛ㄦ湁闈掑勾鑱屼箍鍏磋叮閱忚〃銆佽緟瀵煎叴瓚f祴楠屻佸瀛﹀靉瀛「太瘯涓績鍏磋叮閱忚〃銆傚瀛﹀靉瀛「太瘯涓績鍏磋叮閱忚〃灝嗕漢鐨勫叴瓚e垎鎴愬疄鐢ㄥ瀷銆佺爺絀跺瀷銆佽壓鏈瀷銆佺浼氬瀷銆佷紒涓氬瀷銆佷簨鍔〞瀷鍏被錛瀆緟瀵煎叴瓚f祴楠岸垯鍒奚垚涓撲箍藱鈮鏈瀛︺佷笓涓毸欐妧鏈妧鏈銆佹秷璐圭粡嫻庛佹垌澶栥佷笓涓毸欐妧鏈晢涓氥佹枃涔︺佹矡閫氥佷笓涓毸欐妧鏈壓鏈佷笓涓毸欐妧鏈湇鍔$瓅銆傛渶鍚峬紝鍦ㄩ潚騫磋飛涓氬叴瓚i噺琛ㄦ柟闈紝鍒嗕負鏂囧銆侀煶涔愩佺編鏈佺浼氧瀛︺佹磣寰嬨佷紒涓氧鎒嗐佷細璁$粺璁°佸浗闄呰錘鏄撱佹暀鑲層佷綋鑲層佹暟瀛︺佺墿鎒嗙瀛︺佺數瀛︺佸寲瀛﹀伐紼嬨佸緩絳戙佸宛鑹恆佸尰瀛︺佽嵂瀛︺佸鏀褲佸晢涓氡枃涔︺?
銆銆鍙﹀鍦ㄦ佸害閱忚〃鏂歸潰錛岸浗鍐呮湁闈掕緟浼氬發琛出殑<鑱屼箍鎺三儲閱忚〃>錛岸唴瀹瑰垎鎴愯飛涓氡啩鎲佹椿鍔ㄣ佽始鍔蒞佽飛涓氬叴瓚c佽嚜鎴戣瘎浼板嚑閮ㄥ垎銆?
銆銆鏈鍚峬紝鍦ㄤ環鍊奸噺琛ㄦ柟闈紝鍥藉唴鏈夐潚杈呬細濮旀盛涓浗嫻嬮獙瀛︿細淇畾鐨勫伐浣滀環鍊艱閱忚〃錛岸垎鎴愬埲浠栦富涔齋佺編鐨劇拷奼傘佸場鎰忕殑瀵繪眣銆佹櫤鎬殑嬋鍙戙佺嫭褲嬫佹垚灝辨斀銆佸0鏈蒞佺鎒嗙殑鏉富姏銆佺粡嫻庢姤閰佸番鍏ㄦ斀銆佸伐浣滅幆澧寇佷芽涓婂往鐨勫剮緋匯佷芽鍚屼簨鐨勫剮緋匯佸彉寮傛佺敓媧繪柟寮忕殑閫倨嫨絳齋?
銆銆濱屻?浼佷箍鐣屻緝甯鎬簬闈四瘯涓塈閱囩敤涔嬫祴楠出綾?
銆銆浼佷箍鍦ㄩ倨墠鏃訛紝襻始鏈倨晥榪愮敤鍚動嫻嬮獙宸哄錛岸曉鍙負緇動粐閬撮夐傚悎鐨蹺漢錛岸仴鍏ㄧ粍緇淵漢鍔瀆祫婧愮殑鍙賊睍涓庣鎒嗐備紒涓氧卓瀵逛簬濱哄憳鐢勯變腑浣跨敤蹇冪悊嫻嬮獙鏄溮褰撴槥閬嶇殑錛岸叾鎵鑳芥彁渚兌殑甯姪濱︾溮褰撳錛屻屼笖嫻嬮獙鍙閫傚綋鐨劇繡鐢ㄤ究鑳藉發鐫瀨澶莿鎖壟灉銆備竴鑸屻▓錛岸績鎒奚祴楠屼緷鍏跺唴瀹瑰綰﹀螭浠尯鍒嗕負鏅哄姏銆佷漢鏍箋佹悜銆佽始鍔涗芽鍏磋叮濱斿綾伙紝浠笅浠喋氨鍚劇綾誨埆綆瑕佸彊榪頒莿錛岸苟綆浠嬫塈璋撱屻瘎閱仁腑蹇寇嶇殑瀹氫菎銆?br>
銆銆錛堜竴錛倨櫤鍔淚祴楠?
銆銆鏅哄姏嫻嬮獙闀誇箙浠撒鍗蟲槸騫挎硾琚嬌鐢ㄧ殑涓縐嶇跌閫綏伐鍏楓傚父瑙佺殑鏅哄姏嫻嬮獙鍖呮嫭鍗曤鎴愪漢鏅哄姏閱忚〃 錛圵echsler Adult Intelligence Scale錛?銆佹豹寰峰埲鍏嬩漢濱嬫祴楠?( Wonderlic Personnel Test ) 銆傜敳濱庝竴鑸泧涓昏涓烘櫤鍔兌殑楂樹綆涓庡伐浣滆〃鐜版湁鍏籌紝鍥豹鏅哄姏嫻嬮獙澶鐢ㄦ撒涓洪泧涓繪窐奼伴儴鍒奚櫤鍔瀆緝浣峬紝鏃豹磣鑳滀換緇動粐宸綔鐨蹺漢銆傛豪浼佷箍涓閱囩敤鏅哄姏嫻嬮獙閫綏彇濱烘墠鏃訛紝搴旇江噺鍒版湁濱涘憳宸螭鑳戒細鍥犱負澶低鏄庤屼笉閫傚悎鏌愪塞鑱屼綅錛出壒鍒槸涓濱淚棤鍙賊睍鎬佸眣嬈′綆鐨劇飛鍔°傚洛姝紝鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ綾繪祴楠屾椂錛岸簲鍏堣富伐浣滄川鍙匊奼骨紝鏂硅始鐪熸鎷涘彇 閫傚悎涔嬩漢閫齋?br>
銆銆錛堜簩錛倨悜嫻嬮獙
銆銆鎴栬瘧涓鴻始鍔涘懼悜嫻嬮獙錛岸叾鐢ㄦ撒鎺ㄤ及鍙楁祴鑰呯殑鏌愪竴鏂歸潰娼滃渜鑳藉姏銆備竴鑸屻▓錛屾悜嫻嬮獙渚濆叾鍐喋鍙垎涓轟笁澶被錛岸寘鎷壒孌婃悜嫻嬮獙銆佹槥閫氡悜嫻嬮獙涓庡鍥犵礌鎬悜嫻嬮獙銆傚叾涓互絎竴縐嶈緝甯歌浣跨敤濱庣跌閫變芄錛岸叾閫氬父嫻嬮獙鍙楄瘯鑰呯殑鍚銆佽瑙齋佸姩浣滅伒宸佽壓鏈墠鍗庛佸場浣滃姏絳齋傚渜鐢勯變芄杈富父琚嬌鐢ㄤ莿鎬悜嫻嬮獙涓烘滿姊般佹枃涔︺佸場閫豺姏絳倨悜嫻嬮獙銆傚父鐢ㄤ簬浼佷箍鐣出跌閫夌殑鏈烘鎬悜嫻嬮獙鍖呮嫭錛氧彮鑰愮壒鏈烘鎒嗚嫻嬮獙銆佹梅灝艱慎杈劇└闀村剮緋繪祴楠屼芽鏈烘鑳藉姏嫻嬮獙銆傚擭甯哥敤涔嬪場閫豺姏嫻嬮獙鏈倨盛嫻濆場閫豹濊寫祴楠屻佸浘褰一場閫豹濊寫祴楠出瓅銆?br>
銆銆錛堜笁錛?鑳藉姏嫻嬮獙
銆銆涓鑸屻▓錛屻始鍔淚祴楠岸寘鎷袱澶被錛屾斀瑙夎始鍔涗芽鍔ㄤ綔鑳藉姏銆傚渜鎰熻鑳藉姏嫻嬮獙涓婃渶甯歌浣跨敤鐨蹺負鋨嫻嬮獙鐨勫彶鑰愪雞瑙骨姏鍥撅紝鑰岸姩浣滆始鍔涗腑杈富父琚嬌鐢ㄤ負鏅浮鏈ㄦ澘嫻嬮獙鍙婂廁鍔蟲壎紱忕粏閮ㄧ伒鎖忏害嫻嬮獙銆?
銆銆錛堝涑錛變漢鏍間芽鍏磋叮閱忚〃
銆銆濱烘牸涓庡叴瓚f祴楠屾槸鍥炵瓟鏈綏剮涓漢鍠滃鎴枻濱庢煇濱溳檲榪板彝鐨勫俔鎰忕▼搴︼紝榪鬱塞嫻嬮獙鍙互鐢ㄦ撒鐢勯綏哄鏈綏伐浣滄綔鍔兌殑搴斿緛濱哄憳銆備竴鑸父瑙佺殑鍏磋叮嫻嬮獙鍖呮嫭錛?搴攪揪姘忚飛涓氬叴瓚i噺琛紙Kuder Occupational Interest Survey錛齋佸彶娓豺叴瓚i噺琛紙Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory錛齋?
銆銆甯歌鐨蹺漢鏍兼祴楠岋細
銆銆鍥藉鏈倨梅灝艱慎杈懼鍚戜漢鏍奸噺琛紙Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ( MMPI )銆?鍔豺窞蹇冪悊閱忚〃錛圕alifornia Psychological Inventory (CPI)錛齋?緗楀鍏嬫祴楠?Rorschach test )絳夌瓅銆?
銆銆錛堜簲錛?璇勯噺涓績
銆銆璇勯噺涓績鏄竴榪炰覆鐨劇瘎閱忚繃紼嬫守鏂規磣錛屻屼笉鏄寶涓涓帴鍙楄瘎閱忕殑鍦版柟錛圔raym,1976; Thornton & Byham,1982錛齋傚熀鏈芄瀹寫槸鍦ㄦ爣鍑骨寲鐨勤潯浠朵笅錛岸埲鐢ㄥ縐嶇跌閫綏伐鍏峰拰澶氫綅璇勯噺鑰呮撒琛¢噺鍊欓變漢鍚勤柟闈三殑鑳藉姏銆傜洰鏶嶅浗鍐呴噰鐢ㄦ鏂規磣鏉繘琛岸憳宸嫑鍕熷伐浣滅殑浼佷箍濡傞娓眹涓伴摱琛屸︾瓅銆?
銆銆涓齋?嫻嬮獙鐨勤撒婧?
銆銆錛堜竴錛夌炕璇戲細鏈變塞浼佷箍鑷鐢卞浗澶枻紩榪涗竴濱兌炕璇戛祴楠屼嬌鐢紝濡傚崡灞變漢瀵垮鍕漢鍛樻嫑鍕焜傜扐鑰岄儴鍒嗙炕璇戛祴楠岸父瀛樻湁璺ㄦ枃鍖栥佸父妯′笉鍚堥傜瓅闀錛屾槸闇瑕佺壒鍒暀鎰忋?
銆銆錛堜簩錛綏悜浼佺鍏往璐拱錛氡湁濱涘綴鍙告槸鍚戰【闀綴鍙歌喘涔板凡緙枻啟瀹屾垚涔嬫祴楠屾撒浣跨敤錛岸叾浼樼偣鏄螭褲嬪嵇浣跨敤錛屼笖欏鵑棶鍏往浼氡彁渚淚祴楠屻鍒嗐佺粨鏋滃拰瑙i噴錛出溮褰撳哄鏈變究鍒┼?
銆銆錛堜笁錛變紒涓氳嚜琛岸發灞曪細鏈變塞浼佷箍涓哄綴鍙擱渶瑕佽屻嚜琛出爺鍙戠鍚堜紒涓氶渶奼傜殑嫻嬮獙錛岸叾涓紝閮ㄥ垎鍏往鏄鎵樺鐣屻繘琛出爺鍙賊緹庡晢澶始浼氫漢瀵褲傚叾浼樼偣鏄縐嶆祴楠出鍚堝綴鍙擱渶瑕觥紝鏈綏緩褲嬩紒涓氫莿甯告ā錛屻始鐪熸璇勯噺鍑烘塈闇濱烘墠涔嬬壒璐紝鎯熸塈闇鐮斿發緇忚垂杈江珮錛屾晟闈炴塈鏈綏綴鍙稿潎鏈夎始鍔溳噰鐢ㄣ?br>